As the name suggests,
ligament reconstruction surgery repairs whichever ligament is damaged around your knee. Your knee comprises several ligaments: collateral ligaments, which are on the side of your knee, and cruciate ligaments, which are inside your knee joint.
When might you need knee ligament surgery?
Knee ligaments can be damaged due to trauma or injury, for example, during a football injury or a traffic accident.
"Damaged ligaments often heal on their own and don't need any surgical treatment," Dr Childs explains. "But of the ones that do need surgical treatment, the ACL would be the most common."
Usually, ACL knee injury affects younger people playing sports. "Teenagers to roughly 40 years old males who play football, tennis, skiing, netball [are prone to] twisting injuries."
ACL surgery is the most common ligament operation, but The Beaumont Hospital also offers less common procedures, such as repair of the medial collateral ligament (MCL), or the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL).
What happens during ACL surgery?
The majority of ACL surgeries are done arthroscopically at the Beaumont Hospital. During the procedure, your surgeon uses tiny instruments to clear away the remains of the damaged ligament and any scar tissue or debris.
Your consultant will make an incision just below your knee and use a couple of tendons from the back of your knee to make the repair. "They will drill a hole through your knee, pass the grafted tendons through the hole, and fix them in place with hooks or screws," Dr Childs says. After this is done, your surgeon will deal with any remaining issues and close the wound with a bandage.
Benefits and risk factors
"ACL surgery is about 90% successful in terms of getting the person back to their sporting activity," says Dr Childs. Your knee will feel stronger after the procedure. It reduces the following symptoms:
- Pain
- Swelling
- Instability in your knee
- The sensation that your knee is giving way
"Generally, patients are very happy with the procedure," explains Dr Childs. However, there is a small risk of complications, such as:
- Infection
- Blood clots
- Arthritis 20-30 years after the surgery (it is important to remember that ligament injuries raise the risk of arthritis regardless of whether you have knee surgery to stabilise it).
Your recovery after ACL surgery
"ACL surgeries can be done as a day case, but occasionally people stay overnight," Dr Childs says. "The procedure is moderately painful, but most young people can go home with painkillers on the day of surgery."
The recovery after ACL knee surgery takes longer than meniscal repairs. Six months of supervised physiotherapy is usually necessary to fully get back to normal.