There are a number of eye problems that can affect your vision. Common eye conditions that you might need treatment for include:
Cataracts
Cataract occurs when cloudy patches form in your eye’s lens. It can become worse with time, but cataract surgery can improve your eyesight by replacing the damaged lens.
Glaucoma
This eye condition creates a build-up of fluid in the front part of your eye, which leads to increased eye pressure. The optic nerve that connects your eye to your brain also becomes damaged. Glaucoma surgery can prevent further damage to your optic nerve and worsening vision or vision loss.
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
There are two forms of macular degeneration: dry and wet.
Dry AMD is caused by a gradual deterioration of your macula (a part of your retina). Dry AMD is the most common and less serious type. It develops gradually when the light-sensitive cells in the macula slowly break down. Dry AMD can lead to loss of central vision, but it rarely causes complete blindness.
Wet AMD is the more serious type and affects around 10% of people with AMD. In wet AMD, the macula becomes damaged and new blood vessels start to grow behind the macula. Wet AMD can cause you to lose central vision in weeks. All people with the wet type had the dry type first.
Myopia (short-sightedness), hyperopia (long-sightedness) and astigmatism
These eye problems can cause blurred vision. Hyperopia affects your ability to see objects that are close to you, while myopia impacts your ability to see objects at a further distance.
Diabetic retinopathy
Diabetic retinopathy is a diabetic eye disease that involves damage to the retina (the light-sensitive area at the back of the eye). High blood sugar levels can damage the tiny blood vessels in the retina, which can break, bleed and leak fluid.