Most people who visit a hepatologist or other liver specialist do so because they have liver disease. There are many different types of liver disease, most of which can be avoided by adopting a healthy lifestyle.
Alcohol-related liver disease (ARLD)
Also known as alcoholic liver disease (ALD), this is the term given to liver damage caused by excessive alcohol consumption. There are three main stages: alcoholic fatty liver disease, hepatitis and cirrhosis. These stages are progressive, thought the stages can overlap.
There are not usually symptoms in the early stages, but ARLD is often indicated by lifestyle factors or in the results of routine blood tests. A liver biopsy can then be taken to confirm a diagnosis.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), formerly known as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)
This type of liver disease is caused by a build up of fat in the liver and is usually seen in people who are overweight or obese. In the early stages, MASLD is not usually dangerous, but gradually it can develop into cirrhosis.
Cancer of the liver does not always have an obvious cause but it is more likely if you have a form of liver disease such as hepatitis or AFLD.
Hepatitis
Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver, and the most common causes are a viral infection or drinking alcohol to excess. Hepatitis can lead to cirrhosis and, in some cases, liver cancer.
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC)
This is a form of liver disease that if left untreated can lead to liver failure. If you have PBC you will be given medication to prevent liver failure. But a liver transplant may be needed if you have severe liver damage.