An initial consultation with a consultant rheumatologist will involve establishing where the problems are for the patient. Often a discussion may be quite wide ranging due to the systemic nature of rheumatological problems that a patient may not previously have appreciated. This requires patient focused but guided questions from our experts. Thus, an initial consultation may include questions regarding previous medical problems on, apparently unrelated conditions and symptoms. Examples may include:
- Daily pattern of any symptoms (inflammatory conditions may be worse overnight and early morning)
- Any systemic symptoms; Lethargy, weight loss, sweats
- Associated symptoms such as swelling, redness to the joints
- Breathing problems including any shortness of breath
- Skin conditions which may be related to inflammatory arthritis
- Eye conditions indicating inflammation such as iritis
- Gastrointestinal symptoms and conditions including ulcerative colitis and Crohne’s Disease
- Family history of rheumatologic or immune system diseases
- Medications as many groups may cause joint problems
- Alcohol consumption, smoking and diet
Typically, following this wide ranging discussion there will be a physical examination. This will be localised to the particular area/s that are causing trouble but, depending on the prior discussion may involve a wider systemic examination of the cardiovascular, respiratory, abdominal and neurological examination because all of these things can be involved and relevant to a systemic immune system problem.
A rheumatologist will, for the most part have a fairly good idea of the diagnosis and any subsequent investigations required following the discussion and will use the physical examination to confirm the diagnostic tests required.
Typically, investigations might include blood tests to look at the levels of inflammatory mediators in the body as well as the relative components of an individuals blood (full blood count), , abnormal biochemistry causes for having thin bones and osteoporosis as well as the function of the liver and kidneys. Certain antigens may also be screened by rheumatologists which give an indication as to the probability to individuals developing different forms of inflammatory/ immune system conditions.
For many presentations, a rheumatologist will also request imaging in the form of x-rays which give a reliable indication of the degree of age related changes to joints but may also demonstrate signs associated with inflammatory joint pains. In certain cases an ultrasound or MRI scan may also be requested.