Your knee is a hinge joint, so called because of the way it bends. However, it also has some rotational movement, which is important for twisting and turning movements in the leg.
The knee joint is formed by the thighbone (femur) and shin bone (tibia). The kneecap (patella) sits in front of the joint.
The knee is a weight-bearing joint and is unfortunately quite prone to damage, through either trauma or disease. Any type of pain and/or stiffness in the knee can reduce movement and affect our ability to weight-bear.
The most common reason for requiring knee surgery is osteoarthritis in the knee joint. Osteoarthritis is the most common type of arthritis in the UK and can affect people of all ages. As we age, our joints experience ‘wear and tear’ as we endure our normal movements and activities. Osteoarthritis causes the smooth cartilage lining the end of the bones in the knee to break down more rapidly than normal.
When this happens in your knee, you’ll usually start to notice increased pain and stiffness in the knee. As osteoarthritis progresses in the joint even simple things like sitting down, standing up or walking up and down stairs can become noticeably harder. You may eventually find yourself relying on walking aids to move around safely.
Physiotherapy or steroid injections may be discussed initially as conservative methods of treatment. However, a consultant may suggest a total or partial knee replacement procedure if they feel this is suitable for you.
Alternatively, your knee could be damaged by acute trauma. Contact sports, like rugby, can often involve heavy blows to the knee at awkward angles. Other sports like football or squash require rapid twists and turns on a weight-bearing leg. This can generate huge forces in the knee joint. Trauma to the knee may cause a bone fracture or damage to a ligament or meniscus within the joint. Again, physiotherapy and steroid / Duralane injections could help with pain relief, but a consultant may suggest an operation if this is deemed more suitable. Common knee surgery following sports injury are procedures such as an ACL repair or ACL reconstruction.
If you have knee pain, whether from trauma, disease, sports injury or age-related changes, assessment from an experienced consultant can be of invaluable help.
Revision knee replacement surgery
Another reason why you might require knee surgery is if you have previously had a partial knee replacement or total knee replacement procedure, but are experiencing further pain in the same knee. This could mean that you require a revision knee replacement procedure. If this is the case your consultant may recommend you have a scan to determine what the best course of action is and then discuss these with you.